Haslam College of Business - UT Boyd Center Finds Tennessee Employers Use AI To Complement Workers; Tariff Effects Linger

Most Tennessee business leaders use artificial intelligence (AI) to complement the work of employees, not to replace them, according to a new survey from the Boyd Center for Business and Economic Research at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Haslam College of Business. Employers also said that although tariffs are still affecting their bottom line, most believe the chance of recession is low and are optimistic about the state’s economy.

Nearly 63 percent of employers responding to the winter 2026 Tennessee Business Leaders Survey, administered in January and February of 2026, said they were using AI in a way that didn’t affect their employment levels, while about 10 percent said they have fewer employees because of the technology. AI was a recurring theme among respondent comments on the survey, with some business leaders wondering how it would affect the younger entry-level workforce in the future.

To learn more about what drives survey responses, the Boyd Center hosts an annual dinner in Nashville. This year’s event, held March 3, brought together 62 survey respondents and government officials to discuss the state’s economy. The sentiments shared at dinner mirrored those of the survey, with one attendee saying that technical skills are changing because “AI is changing the game, and the disruptive technology is making it hard for the labor force to keep up.” Another said, “If my 7-year-old daughter can build a game on Claude in two minutes, what am I looking for in an employee? The world is changing, so what I’m expecting from my employees is changing quickly too.”

The winter survey also showed that four in five employers still believe the chance of a U.S. recession is less than 50 percent, and 72 percent said tariffs continue to affect their business. Nearly half (46.1 percent) added that they are passing some or all of the tariff costs on to customers.

Business Leaders See Tennessee’s Economy Gaining Ground

Pessimism surrounding the U.S. economy continued, with just 36.3 percent of respondents holding a favorable opinion of the current economy; however, almost 47 percent expect conditions to improve over the next 12 months. Optimism for Tennessee’s economy increased slightly from the summer survey, with over two-thirds of business leaders expecting Tennessee to outperform the U.S. economy. Employers attributed the difference to business investments and government leadership in the state.

Over 70 percent of business leaders surveyed said Tennessee is headed in the right direction, and nearly two-thirds said the state could improve its business climate further through infrastructure development. Other areas of improvement included enhanced workforce development (47.4 percent), energy infrastructure (41.6 percent ) and business development incentives (41.6 percent ).

Adverse economic conditions continue to be the top challenge for Tennessee businesses, with 49 percent  of survey respondents listing it among their top three concerns. Health care costs were the second-most cited issue, with almost 36 percent listing it as a major concern. Government regulation rounded out the top three at 33.8 percent. Global political instability ranked fourth at 31.7 percent , but over half of respondents in West Tennessee cited it as their top business concern. One respondent wrote, “Political instability has kept companies from making long-term commitments, and this has adversely affected our business.”

About half of employers continued to report an insufficient supply of appropriately trained workers in the state labor force. Although employers said the number one missing attribute among job applicants is work ethic, that number fell from 66.2 percent last summer to 54.5 percent this winter. Business leaders often identified technical skills (44.8 percent), initiative (46 percent) and realistic compensation expectations (43.4 percent) as their top concerns, with over half of East Tennessee business leaders citing technical skills most often.

According to Don Bruce, director of the Boyd Center and Boyd Distinguished Professor, employers seem to be finding more suitable workers and willing to include AI in their processes.

“The number of employers unable to find employees with the appropriate skill sets was higher last summer, so it’s good to see that trending downward,” he said. “Although AI is creating a lot of questions when it comes to the workforce, employers seem to be embracing it and integrating it into their workflows; we heard that in the survey responses and at our annual business dinner.”

The number of business leaders citing problems attracting and retaining employees held steady from the summer survey at 36.8 percent, but each region told a different story. East Tennessee employers reported a seven percentage point increase to 41.4 percent, while Middle Tennessee dropped by almost 10 percentage points to 27.1 percent. Almost half of employers surveyed attributed this challenge to the cost of housing, and a third also cited the availability of housing and the cost of childcare services. Almost three-fourths of employers said they have not changed their requirements for new hires over the past year, while 18.7 percent said they have increased their educational requirements.

About the Tennessee Business Leaders Survey

The Boyd Center conducted the winter 2026 survey between January 14 and February 6, gathering responses from business leaders across Tennessee. Respondents represented a broad sample of businesses across all industries, ranging in size from fewer than 50 employees to more than 5,000.

The full set of survey responses is available on the Boyd Center website.

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Author:

Erin Hatfield, Boyd Center communications and events specialist, ehatfie1@utk.edu

Contact:

Leah McAmis, senior editor, leah@utk.edu